Toxoplasmosis can be associated with which neuropsychiatric conditions?

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Toxoplasma gondii infection can influence brain function in ways that show up as neuropsychiatric conditions, not just purely neurologic problems. The parasite can form latent brain cysts and trigger chronic immune activation and changes in neurotransmitter systems, especially dopamine, which is central to psychosis and mood regulation. Epidemiologic studies have found higher T. gondii seroprevalence in people with schizophrenia compared with controls, and some analyses suggest an increased schizophrenia risk after exposure. There is also evidence linking toxoplasmosis to bipolar disorder, though findings are more variable and the exact mechanism is less clear. Because the literature supports associations with both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, the option that includes both conditions best fits the data. Limiting to only one of the disorders or to neurologic disorders only would miss these psychiatric associations.