Which vesicular disease pathogen is most likely responsible for vesicular lesions in horses, distinct from Foot-and-Mouth Disease?

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When vesicular lesions appear in horses, the most likely culprit is a virus that specifically affects horses as part of its natural host range and presents with mouth and sometimes hoof lesions. Vesicular stomatitis virus is a rhabdovirus known to cause vesicular disease in horses, with lesions often seen on the oral mucosa, lips, tongue, and occasionally the coronet. It occurs in horses more commonly than other vesicular diseases that target different species and geographic contexts. Bluetongue virus mainly affects ruminants and is not a typical cause of vesicles in horses. Rinderpest is a cattle disease (and has been eradicated) with a host range that does not center on horses. Foot-and-Mouth Disease virus causes vesicles in many cloven-hoofed species but horses are not the usual or primary target, and the problem in horses would more likely point toward vesicular stomatitis virus when you see vesicles in this species.